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Have you ever noticed how even the best chatbots sometimes sound off? Not because their grammar’s wrong, but because something about the conversation just doesn’t feel natural. It turns out that long before GPT and LLMs, linguists were already thinking about what makes communication flow (what keeps a dialogue cooperative, relevant, and satisfying). One of them, Paul Grice, offered a framework in the 1970s that remains surprisingly useful for anyone designing conversations today, whether with humans or with machines. Read more

The way we interact with machines is evolving rapidly, and digital avatars are at the forefront of that transformation. As conversational AI systems become more powerful and human-like, avatars are reshaping not just how these systems look, but how we experience and engage with them. But what exactly is a digital avatar and why does it matter in the world of conversational AI? What is a digital avatar? The word avatar has a surprisingly ancient origin. Read more

Emojis are graphic symbols or ideograms that represent not only facial expressions, but also ideas and concepts. Emojis are extremely popular worldwide, primarily in chat and social media. They can appear as an additional element in the sentence, as in "I liked the cake 😊", or replacing a word, as in "I liked the 🍰". From the perspective of large language models (LLMs), emojis are interesting because they convey a semantic as well as a pragmatic meaning. Read more

Chatbots, although a trendy product now, have existed for decades. Advances in AI have transformed chatbots from simple and rule-based systems to more complex and sophisticated conversational agents. Let’s dive into the history of chatbots, from their beginnings to the modern AI-driven companions we see today. ELIZA: The first chatbot (1966) ELIZA was the first chatbot, developed by professor Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT. ELIZA was designed to mimic a psychotherapist, responding to users' messages with pre-defined responses using pattern matching. Read more

Personality is the enduring set of characteristics or qualities that form a person’s distinctive character. The science of personality has been long studied by psychologists, and multiple tests have been designed to assess personality constructs. Interestingly, many of these tests follow a linguistic approach, since they are based on a factor analysis of the language used to describe behavior. For example, if someone says they like to “have everything organized and planned”, that would correlate with a conscientious personality trait. Read more